Capital City: Jerusalem (Population 957,000).

Country Population: 9.61 million (2022).

Official language: Hebrew.

Local Currency: New Israel Shekel (NIS).

Time Zone: GMT +2 hours.

Calling Code: +972.

President: Isaac Herzog.

Electricity: type C is the plug which has two round pins, type H has three pins in a triangular shape and type M has three round pins.

High season: The peak travel season in Israel is during the summer months, from June to August, when the weather is hot and sunny. This is a popular time to visit the beaches and enjoy outdoor activities, but it can also be crowded and expensive.

Shoulder season: The best time to visit Israel is during the shoulder seasons, from March to May and from September to November. During these months, the weather is milder, and there are fewer tourists, which means lower prices and fewer crowds.

Winter season: While winters in Israel are generally mild, they can be rainy and chilly. However, winter can be a great time to visit if you want to avoid the crowds and enjoy indoor activities, such as museums and cultural events.

Springtime: Israel is especially beautiful in the spring when wildflowers bloom and the weather is mild. This is a great time to explore the country's natural beauty and enjoy outdoor activities.

Israeli cuisine is a delicious and diverse blend of Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and Jewish culinary traditions. Here are some famous foods that you might want to try when visiting Israel.

Hummus: Made from chickpeas, tahini, lemon, and garlic, hummus is a staple of Israeli cuisine and is often served as a dip or spread.

Falafel: This deep-fried chickpea ball is a popular street food in Israel and is often served in a pita with salad and tahini sauce.

Shakshuka: This savory dish consists of eggs poached in a spicy tomato sauce, often served with bread.

Israeli salad: A refreshing mix of diced tomatoes, cucumbers, and onions, dressed with lemon juice and olive oil.

Shawarma: Thinly sliced meat (usually chicken or lamb) cooked on a rotating spit and served in a pita with salad and tahini sauce.

Sabich:A pita sandwich filled with fried eggplant, hard-boiled eggs, salad, and tahini sauce. 

Kebabs: Grilled chunks of meat (usually beef or chicken) served on skewers with salad and pita bread.

Burekas: A pastry filled with cheese, spinach, or potatoes, often served as a snack or breakfast food.

Malabi: A sweet dessert made from milk, cornstarch, and rose water, topped with pistachios and syrup.

Israel has a variety of delicious and unique drinks that are worth trying. Here are some of the most famous drinks in Israel:

Wine: Israel has a thriving wine industry, with a history dating back thousands of years. Some of the best-known Israeli wines come from the Galilee and the Judean Hills regions.

Arak: This anise-flavored liquor is popular in the Middle East and is often served as an aperitif. It is usually mixed with water and served over ice.

Limonana: This refreshing drink is a mix of leomnade and mint, often served on hot summer days.

Goldstar beer: This is the mst opupolar Israeli beer, with a smooth and slightly bitter taste. It is often served with hummus and other Israeli snacks.

Coffee: Israelis love their coffee, and you'll find a variety of styles and preparations. Some of the most popular types include Turkish coffee, espresso, and iced coffee.

Tea: Tea is also popular in Israel, with a variety of flavors and preparations. Mint tea is especially popular, often served with sugar and a sprig of fresh mint.

Freshly squeezed juice: Israel has a wide variety of fresh fruit, and you'll find many street vendors selling freshly squeezed juice. Pomegranate, orange, and grapefruit are popular choices.

These are just a few examples of the many delicious drinks you can enjoy in Israel. With so much variety and cultural influences, you're sure to find something that suits your tastes.

Israel has a rich and diverse culture, shaped by its history, religion, and multicultural society. Here are some key elements of Israeli culture. Israel is home to many of the world's major religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Religious traditions and practices play a significant role in Israeli culture, and many important religious sites are located within the country. Israeli cuisine is a fusion of many different culinary traditions, influenced by the country's diverse population and history. Popular dishes include hummus, falafel, shakshuka, and Israeli salad. Israel has a thriving music scene, with a wide range of genres and styles represented. Traditional Jewish and Middle Eastern music is popular, as well as contemporary pop, rock, and hip-hop. Israel has a long and rich literary tradition, with works in Hebrew, Arabic, and other languages. The country is also home to a vibrant arts scene, with many museums, galleries, and theaters. Sports play an important role in Israeli culture, with soccer, basketball, and tennis being popular among both players and fans. Israel celebrate many religious and secular holidays, including Hanukkah, Passover, Yom Kippur, and Independence Day. There are also many cultural festivals throughout the year, celebrating everything from music and art to film and literature.

Israel is a small country located in the Middle East, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan to the east, and Egypt to the southwest. Here are some facts about Israel’s. • Terrain: Israel's terrain is varied, including mountains, valleys, plains, and desert. The highest peak is Mount Meron, which is 3,963 feet (1,208 meters) above sea level. • Climate: Israel has a Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. The coastal areas are generally more humid, while the inland areas are more arid. • Natural resources: Israel has limited natural resources, but it does have some reserves of oil shale, natural gas, and phosphates. The country is also rich in minerals such as potash, copper, and bromine. • Water resources: Israel is a relatively dry country, with limited water resources. However, it has developed advanced techniques for water conservation, including drip irrigation, desalination, and wastewater reuse. • Biodiversity: Israel is home to a variety of plant and animal species, including several that are endemic to the region. Some of the most notable species include the Israeli oak, the Palestine Mountain viper, and the Nubian ibex. • Environmental challenges: Israel faces several environmental challenges, including water scarcity, air pollution, and desertification. However, the country has made significant progress in developing sustainable solutions and protecting its natural resources. Overall, Israel's environment and geography are diverse and unique, shaped by its location and history. The country's varied terrain, climate, and natural resources make it a fascinating place to explore and study.

The history of Israel is long and complex, dating back thousands of years. Here are some key points in Israel's history: • Ancient Israel: The land of Israel has been inhabited by various peoples since prehistoric times. The Hebrews, who later became the Jews, settled in the region around 1800 BCE. • Biblical period: According to the Bible, the Jewish people were enslaved in Egypt and later led out of bondage by Moses. They settled in the land of Canaan, which became the Kingdom of Israel under King David and his son King Solomon. • Roman period: In 63 BCE, the Roman Empire conquered the Kingdom of Israel, which became known as the province of Judea. In 70 CE, the Romans destroyed the Second Temple in Jerusalem, which had been the center of Jewish worship. • Islamic period: In the 7th century CE, Arab armies conquered the region and brought Islam to the area. Jerusalem became an important holy site for Muslims, Christians, and Jews. • Ottoman period: From the 16th century until the end of World War I, the region was ruled by the Ottoman Empire. • British Mandate: After World War I, the League of Nations granted Britain a mandate to rule over Palestine, which included the land that would become Israel. • Modern Israel: In 1947, the United Nations voted to partition Palestine into Jewish and Arab states. The Jews accepted the plan, but the Arabs rejected it, and war broke out. In 1948, Israel declared its independence, and a ceasefire was signed the following year. Since then, Israel has faced ongoing conflicts with its neighbors, including wars with Egypt, Syria, and Lebanon. It has also experienced significant economic growth and cultural development, becoming a leader in technology and innovation. Today, Israel is a modern, democratic country with a rich and complex history.

Israel is a land rich in history, with many fascinating historical wonders to explore. Here are 10 of the top historical wonders in Israel: • The Western Wall: Also known as the Wailing Wall, this ancient wall is the last remnant of the Second Temple, which was destroyed by the Romans in 70 CE. It is the holiest site in Judaism and attracts millions of visitors each year. • Masada: This mountaintop fortress was built by King Herod in the 1st century BCE and became a symbol of Jewish resistance during the Roman siege in 73 CE. Today, it is a popular tourist destination and a UNESCO World Heritage site. • Old City of Jerusalem: This walled city is one of the oldest in the world and contains many important religious sites, including the Dome of the Rock, the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, and the Western Wall. • Caesarea: This ancient port city was built by Herod the Great in the 1st century BCE and became an important center of trade and culture under Roman rule. Today, it is a popular tourist destination with well-preserved ruins and a modern marina. • Megiddo: This ancient city has been inhabited for over 5,000 years and was an important center of trade and military activity in biblical times. Today, it is a national park and a UNESCO World Heritage site. • Beit She'an: This ancient city was founded in the 5th millennium BCE and was an important center of commerce and culture in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. Today, it contains well-preserved ruins, including a Roman amphitheater and bathhouse. • Acre: This coastal city has a long and rich history, including periods of rule by the Phoenicians, Crusaders, and Ottomans. Today, it is a UNESCO World Heritage site with well-preserved fortifications and a historic old town. • Mount of Beatitudes: This hill overlooking the Sea of Galilee is believed to be the site where Jesus delivered the Sermon on the Mount. Today, it is a popular pilgrimage site and a beautiful spot to enjoy the views and peaceful atmosphere. • Tel Aviv's White City: This area of Tel Aviv contains over 4,000 Bauhaus-style buildings, which were built in the 1930s by German-Jewish architects fleeing Nazi persecution. Today, it is a UNESCO World Heritage site and a popular tourist destination. • The Crusader Castle of Belvoir: This impressive castle was built by the Crusaders in the 12th century and played an important role in the battles between the Crusaders and the Muslims. Today, it is a well-preserved ruin and a popular tourist destination.

Israel offers a wide variety of unique products that are popular among tourists. Here are some of the most popular items to shop for in Israel: • Dead Sea products: The Dead Sea, located in the Jordan Rift Valley, is known for its mineral-rich mud and salt that are used in a range of beauty and health products, including soaps, creams, and masks. • Judaica: Israel is a hub for Jewish art, culture, and history, and visitors can find a wide range of Judaica items, such as menorahs, mezuzahs, and talitol. • Olive wood crafts: Olive wood is a popular material for crafts in Israel, including items such as religious figurines, kitchenware, and jewelry. • Israeli wine: Israel has a growing wine industry, with wineries in regions such as the Galilee and the Golan Heights. Visitors can sample and purchase a variety of Israeli wines. • Spices and food products: Israel is known for its flavorful cuisine, and visitors can take home a taste of the country by purchasing spices, honey, olive oil, and other food products. • Handmade ceramics: Ceramic and pottery making is a longstanding tradition in Israel, and visitors can find a range of handmade ceramic items, such as plates, bowls, and vases. • Handmade jewelry: Israel is home to many skilled jewelry makers who create unique and intricate designs using a variety of materials, including silver, gold, and precious stones. • Artwork and crafts by local artists: Israel have a vibrant arts and crafts scene, and visitors can find a variety of handmade items, such as paintings, sculptures, and textiles, by local artists.

Israel hosts a variety of events and festivals throughout the year, ranging from cultural and religious celebrations to music and film festivals. Here are some popular events and festivals in Israel: • Passover: This week-long Jewish holiday takes place in the spring and commemorates the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt. Many Israelis celebrate by attending a seder meal with family and friends. • Independence Day: Israel's national holiday, also known as Yom Ha'atzmaut, takes place in the spring and commemorates the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. Celebrations often include fireworks, parades, and street parties. • Jerusalem Day: This holiday, which takes place in the spring, celebrates the reunification of Jerusalem during the Six-Day War in 1967. Celebrations often include parades and religious ceremonies. • Haifa International Film Festival: This week-long film festival takes place in Haifa in the fall and features a variety of international and Israeli films. • Sukkot: This Jewish holiday takes place in the fall and celebrates the harvest season. Many Israelis build and decorate sukkahs (temporary outdoor shelters) and attend festive meals. • Hanukkah: This Jewish holiday takes place in the winter and celebrates the miracle of the oil that burned for eight days in the temple. Celebrations often include lighting a menorah, playing dreidel, and eating fried foods. • Tel Aviv White Night: This all-night cultural festival takes place in the summer and features art exhibitions, music performances, and street parties throughout Tel Aviv. • Red Sea Jazz Festival: This three-day music festival takes place in Eilat in the winter and features jazz musicians from around the world. • Eilat Chamber Music Festival: This week-long music festival takes place in Eilat in the winter and features classical musicians and performances.